HW#5

1)
Scientific Revolution: Is a new way of thinking about the natural world. And these new ideas come from people's observations. 

Nicolaus Copernicus: Is a Polish cleric and astronomer. He was troubled when the geocentric theory was not accurate with the movement of planets such as, the moon and sun. Then after his 25 years of studying he found out that everything orbited around the sun. In the year 1543 he published the heliocentric theory which told people about his theory. But people in his time did not believe him and they had him kidded because they thought that it was something to do with religion. But in this present day everyone knows that his theory is true.
Heliocentric Theory: Was published by Nicolaus Copernicus in the year 1543 after he had done his 25 years of studying. It was also known as sun-centered. This theory talked about how the earth and other planets orbited around the sun. While most people did not agree with him, there was Danish astronomer named Tycho Brahe and his assistant, Johannes Kepler that built Copernicus's theory.
Johannes Kepler: A really smart mathematician, who was also Tycho Brahe's assistant. Kepler continued Brahe's work after he had died in the year 1601. The laws that Kepler had showed that Copernicus’s basic ideas were true. The main difference between his and Copernicus's ideas were that one of the laws he showed were that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles.

Galileo Galilei: Was a 17-year-old Italian student, during the year 1581. He was at a cathedral and he was closely looking at a chandelier swing on its chain. In his time a person named Aristotle had gave a theory that a pendulum swings at a slower rhythm as it approaches its resting place. Then Galilei proved that this was wrong by saying that in each swing of the pendulum took exactly the same amount of time. And with this information he had figured out, he had discovered the law of the pendulum. He had also tested another one of Aristotle's theories and he had proven it wrong again. Aristotle thought that if you drop a heavy and light object in the same time, the heavier object would fall first. But Galilei tested it and they both fell at the same time.

Scientific Method: Was developed with the help and work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. The scientific method is made by a bunch of procedures that fallow right after the other. The first level is observation, when they look and find something and question things about it. Then with all their information they form a hypothesis. Then the hypothesis is tested in an experiment. Then the last step is when the scientists put what they found out together to make a new conclusion.

Francis Bacon: Is an English politician and writer, who had a lot of interest in science. He and René Descartes both started and created the scientific method. He told medieval scholars that people like Aristotle should gather information together and test it before making a conclusion. 

René Descartes: In France he developed analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry. This was an important new tool for scientific research. He also helped Francis Bacon start and create the scientific method. 

Isaac Newton: An English scientist, who studied mathematics and physics at Cambridge University, during the mid-1600's when he was about 24-years-old. He had discovered the law of gravity by the help of all the information that the scientist before him discovered. His theory was that all objects had the same force pushing down at them. He had also discovered the law of universal gravity, where all objects in the universe attracts the other objects. 

2)

-Causes of the Scientific Revolution

  -Nicolaus Copernicus published the Heliocentric Theory which said that everything orbited around the sun. 
  -Johannes Kepler discovered that planets revolved around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles.
  -Galileo Galilei discovered the law of pendulum.
  -Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity and that all objects in the universe attract all other objects. 
  -Francis Bacon told scholars to gather information first and experiment, then make a conclusion.