HW#20

1) Terms And Names
Laissez faire- An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.
Adam Smith- A professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, who defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets.
Capitalism- An economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
Utilitarianism- A philosophy in which people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness.
Socialism-An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
Karl Marx- A German journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism.
Communism- A form of complete socialism in which the means of production—all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses—would be owned by the people.
Union- Voluntary associations which workers join to press for reform.
Collective bargaining- Negotiations between workers and their employers.
Strike- Refusal to work.

2) Taking Notes
Capitalism is an economical system that was based on the foundations of many people. Marxism is a type of socialism created by Karl Marx. In capitalism, government can't intervene with businesses. Businesses compete with other businesses in order to provide goods and services at a less expensive cost and better quality. At the same time, consumers try to purchase these products at the least cost and best quality. Marxism are the ideas of Karl Marx. The ideas of Marxism says that the Industrial Revolution is increasing the struggle between classes. Workers are exploited by their employers for their own profit. Marxism says that as capitalism goes on, eventually it would destroy itself. A society will develop in which there will be no classes.

3) Identifying Problems 
During the 1800s, factory workers had to work for long hours under dangerous working conditions and had to worry about being laid off. These working conditions caused many people in the 1800s to actively be a past of politics. People joined unions in order to push for reforms to be made. Unions would participate in collective bargaining, a negotiation between workers and employer, in order to get better working conditions and higher wages. If these demands were refused by the employer, then the workers wouldn't go to work or go on strike.

4) Analyzing Themes 
In my opinion, economic forces aren't the only forces that dominate society. There are plenty of other forces put there such as ethic loyalties and the desire for democracy. Many historical events such as revolutions were made possible because of these different forces. During the French Revolution, people desired a democracy in order to have more rights for the people. This driving force caused the people to overthrow their king and to set up a new government. In the 1800s, Nationalists began to create nation-states which were occupy by people of the same ethics and common bonds. These people fueled by their ethnic loyalties fought in many wars to unify their people together.

HW#19

Industrial Revolution- The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century.

Enclosure- Large fields enclosed with fences or hedges that was cultivated using new seeding and harvesting methods.

Crop rotation- Process by which different crops are planted each year in the same field.

Industrialization- Process of developing machine production of goods.

Factors of production- The resources needed to produce goods and services.

Factory- Large buildings where wealthy textile merchants set up machines that made thread.

Entrepreneur- A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

HW#18

1) Terms and Names:

Peninsulares- People that were in the highest rank in the Spanish American Society. To be one you had to be born in Spain and chosen from the king to rule over the colonies to be a Peninsulares.

Creoles- Are Spanish people who were born in the Latin American colonies. They were people that could not become leaders and rulers. The only thing they could grow up to be are generals of the Army.

Mullatos- People that are not fully Spanish they had some culture from Latin Americans as well. They were not allowed to rent land from Creoles or start small businesses.

Simon Bolivar- Highly educated as well as a brilliant general. Born in a wealthy Venezuelan Creole.

José de San Martín- A career military officer born in Argentina, simple and modest man helped Bolivar liberate much of Latin America.

Miguel Hidalgo- A priest from a small village of Dolores, a poor but well educated man; he rang the bells of his church, gathered peasants, and marched toward Mexico with an army of 60,000.

José Morelos- Another priest, after death of Miguel he took control of the peasant army, by 1813 he had control of most of southern Mexico, in the end he was captured and shot dead by the Spanish.

3)

Liberal’s main goals were to create peace and improve diplomatic relations. Bismarck on the other hand wanted to expand Prussia's territory by creating a great military. This is clearly mentioned in his speech “Blood & Iron”. Blood & Iron probably meant solving issues using violence. First he damaged Austria by taunting them to attack and wining quick victories. He avoided ruining his reputation by not attacking the Austrians but letting them get the first hit and by winning his battles quickly he increased his reputation among with National spirit. Then he provoked France to attack him by changing a telegram and angering the French and they attacked the Southern German states which were earlier separate agreed to join the Prussian nation after Prussia's victory over France. Thus he completed the unification process of Germany.

HW#17

-Skill Builder

1) The two other elements are language and society.

2) The factors that are needed are language, territory, religion, history, and nationality.

-Geography

1) During the years 1858-1870 but the specific amount of territory was in the year 1866.

2) The land that they lost was all Northern Italy except for the Venetia area.

-Geography (Pg. 617)

1) The unusual thing about the territory in the year 1865 was when there were other countries that separated Prussia into different places.

2) The biggest expansion of Prussia Territory was in the year 1871 when German joined Prussia.

HW#15

1) Bolivar had accomplished many things. He was able to be the president of Peru but he chose not to. He also created the Republic of Colombia which in present day are the countries Ecuador and Venezuela.

2) He was very famous because if two main reasons. First he helped many countries gained their independence from the Spanish Empire. And the second most important is that he became the president of Venezuela and Peru.

3) He worked to defeat the Spaniard monarchy and help other countries gain back their independence.

4) He was fighting to free the countries that were being controlled by the Spaniard monarchy.

4) France: Simon witnessed the coronation of Napoleon in Notre Dame.

Colombia:  Simon was the creator and president of this country.

Ecuador: An interview takes place with Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin.

Spain: Simon married María Teresa Rodríguez Del Toro y Alaiza in 1802.

Peru: Simon meets Manuela Sáenz, a lover of Bolivar.

HW#16

 Question 1 (Terms)

1) Peninsulas – People born in Spain.

2) Creoles – Spaniards born in Latin America

3) Mulattos – People who are a mix of European and African descent.

4) Simon Bolivar – He was a wealthy Venezuelan creole.

5) Jose de San Martin – He was a great liberator and a modest man.

6) Miguel Hidalgo – He was a priest in the small village of Dolores

7) Jose Morelos – He was a very important Leader and he helped many people.

Question 4

I think Spain does not have the right to rule South America because of many reasons. The main that I think is that there were people already living there so they have to respect that there are people already living there and that it is their territory

Project #1 (Essay)

           The French Revolution started in 1789 and there were many people who had been affected by this. People in France were affected the most because the revolution was taking place in their country. But the people outside of France were being affected as well but they were just getting help and other important things while the other people were suffering in France.

            The biggest changes that happen to France in this time were things like the political, economic, and social causes. In the political view, King Louis XVI had the power to do about anything he wanted. He was able to start a war on other places, and many other things like send people to prison without even giving them a trial. In the economic view, the people were getting poorer. The first estate had the most problems because they already had little money to start with so they were in even harder times now. And the social causes were getting really poor, especially the 1^st estate. In document 4 there was a poor lady in the 1^st estate and she told a man about the problems she was having. And she said that they were being taxed a lot as well as new laws that were being made, which were affecting her a lot because they already did not have enough money before the French Revolution started.

            The French Revolution affected France the most. I think this because most of the problems are happening in France while the places around them were benefiting from their problems. One of the biggest problems in France was when the new taxes and laws being added to the people. And all of this was happening during the French Revolution when people already were having troubles. Another problem that people had was fear. People feared that they might do something wrong or even look suspicious and they would have to go to jail or get killed. But then when everyone in France had to do something in the army, there were people scared then too. Most of the men had to fight and most of the women had to heal the wounded soldiers. But I think that it was very good to think about how everyone working in the army were working together and helping each other because they all had a job to do in the army. 

            While the whole country of France was suffering from this revolution, the places around France were having a great time. The countries around France were having much stronger governments and many other things. Some countries had so much power that they were able to overthrow Napoleonic institutions. But still even after the French Revolution, many parts of Europe people were impressed by what the Revolution accomplished than what it failed to do.

            The French Revolution ended ten years later, in the year 1799. Many things would not happen in Europe if the French Revolution did not take place. So in the end it was very important. Some of the laws would not have been in the law book of France without the French Revolution.